litiges investisseurs-état | ISDS

Le mécanisme de règlement des différends entre investisseurs et États (RDIE ou ISDS, selon son sigle anglais) désigne une modalité d’arbitrage des conflits émergeant dans le cadre d’accords d’investissement internationaux selon laquelle les entreprises de l’une des parties sont autorisées à poursuivre en justice le gouvernement de l’autre partie. Ceci signifie qu’elles peuvent porter plainte et réclamer des dommages et intérêts. De nombreux traités d’investissement bilatéraux et chapitres sur l’investissement d’ALE incluent des dispositions autorisant ce mécanisme si les bénéfices escomptés par l’investisseur ont été négativement affectés par une mesure prise par le pays hôte, telle que le changement d’une politique publique. Le différend est généralement arbitré non pas par un tribunal public, mais par une cour privée. Ces affaires sont généralement traitées par le Centre international pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements (Banque mondiale), la Chambre de commerce internationale, la Commission des Nations Unies sur le droit commercial ou la Cour internationale de justice.

Le RDIE est un sujet qui suscite à l’heure actuelle un vif intérêt car il cristallise une forte opposition de la part de citoyens préoccupés par les négociations du TTIP entre l’UE et les États-Unis, les discussions sur l’Accord de partenariat transpacifique et l’Accord économique et commercial global entre le Canada et l’UE.

Scoop | 28-avr-2008
While media coverage of the China-NZ Free Trade Agreement has focused almost entirely on the possible dollar gains, scant attention has been paid to the equally valid exposure of New Zealand to compensation claims — should any NZ government be so bold in future as to pass laws or regulations that a foreign investor feels will impact on profitability.
| 9-avr-2008
While it is a US company, Exxon Mobil is entitled to invoke protection under the Netherlands-Venezuela Investment Promotion and Protection Convention, which guarantees resolution of Exxon Mobil’s dispute with Venezuela in the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).
| 22-mar-2008
When agribusiness giant Archer Daniels Midland Co. quietly filed court documents this month to overturn — and increase — a multi-million-dollar trade penalty it won against the Mexican government, the move shone a light on Chapter 11, perhaps the most controversial clause in the North American Free Trade Agreement.
Mondaq | 20-mar-2008
Canada has just passed legislation implementing the ICSID Convention, a very important tool for the resolution of investor-state disputes. But the government has not yet indicated a timetable for ratification of the treaty. To date, only four provinces and one territory have passed similar implementing legislation.
IPS | 19-mar-2008
Venezuela celebrated, as a triumph for countries of the developing South, Tuesday’s ruling in its favour by a British court in a legal dispute with US oil giant Exxon Mobil, which overturned an earlier court order to freeze around 12 billion dollars in Venezuelan assets.
Corporate Europe Observatory | 7-mar-2008
Running their business via a letterbox company in the Netherlands, transnational corporations profit from the corporate-friendly Dutch tax regime and bilateral investment treaties the Netherlands has with third countries. Euro Telecom Italia (ETI), a subsidiary of Italian telecoms giant ENTEL, is one such letterbox company. ETI recently lodged a complaint with the World Bank tribunal ICSID against Bolivia for compensation, after the Bolivian government had launched a review the company’s much-criticised performance and attempted to negotiate a buy back of what used to be a public telecommunications company.
Engineering News | 7-fév-2008
Foreign companies operating in South Africa that have lost production and ultimately profit as a result of the power supply crisis might be able to sue the government under bilateral investment treaties
UNCTAD | 9-jan-2008
The experience with the investor-State dispute settlement of a number of countries, mostly in the Asia-Pacific region, is influencing the development of new international investment agreements in those countries
AllAfrica.com | 17-nov-2007
The Zimbabwe government has admitted that it wronged white commercial farmers when it violently evicted them from their farms at the height of Zanu PF-instigated land invasions in 2000.
FWI | 9-nov-2007
A group of Dutch farmers is one step closer to gaining compensation for land and farms lost to the government of Zimbabwe, after a recent hearing in Paris.